People vote at a polling location at the Metro Headquarters Building during California’s state primary election in Los Angeles, California, on June 2, 2026.
Frederic J. Brown/AFP via Getty Images
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Frederic J. Brown/AFP via Getty Images
The Department of Justice is demanding California take the unprecedented step of segregating ballots associated with 20,000 people the department says are “likely” noncitizens. But an initial review by local officials suggests the list is “unreliable” and that some people on it had indicated in records they were born in the U.S. and therefore may be citizens.
The new details come from court filings submitted Tuesday by the state of California and local officials, in response to a lawsuit filed by the federal government attempting to compel the state to investigate the thousands of people before their votes are counted. The state says doing what the DOJ requests would be unfeasible this close to the election and would likely break federal and state election laws.
“At best, this litigation is a reckless political stunt,” the state wrote in Tuesday’s filing. “At worst, it threatens to disenfranchise thousands of Californians this election.”
The saga began in earnest last week when the Justice Department delivered a thumb drive to Los Angeles County that contained the list of roughly 20,000 people who investigators at the Department of Homeland Security say are “likely noncitizens” and registered to vote somewhere in California.
Initially, county officials declined to open the list, citing the security threat of inserting a thumb drive of unknown origin into a government computer. The next day, the DOJ emailed a spreadsheet with the same list.
Out of the 20,000 names on the list, only 7,035 had addresses in Los Angeles County and some were duplicates, according to a separate Tuesday court filing by Los Angeles County Registrar Dean Logan.
In declarations to the court, Los Angeles County officials wrote that they took a sample of 200 people to get a sense of how reliable the federal government’s data might be.
“The review is preliminary and quality control is continuing, but it indicates that the October List is unreliable,” wrote Monica Flores, Los Angeles County Assistant Registrar-Recorder.
Of the voters where birthplace was “meaningfully reported,” Flores wrote, “38.9% indicate that they were born in the United States, which is strong evidence of citizenship.”
It’s unclear how many people that is in total or the specifics of which records listed place of birth. NPR has reached out to the LA county clerk’s office for clarity on the numbers listed in the court filings but by Tuesday evening had not yet received a response.
The California Secretary of State’s website asks for “place of birth” when people register to vote online, although the field is not mandatory.
Except for extremely narrow exceptions, anyone born in the U.S. automatically receives citizenship.
Of the 200 records the county staff reviewed, 112 were associated with people whose registrations are canceled or inactive. The filing also said around 70% of the people sampled had no voting history.
The Trump administration has generally defended its methodology for finding noncitizen voters, without fully ever publicly explaining it. Other numbers federal officials, including President Trump, have recently released on the issue of noncitizen voting have been shown to be inaccurate in other cases.
Acting Deputy Attorney General Trent McCotter acknowledged there could be some errors in the federal government’s list of 20,000 names in a Monday press conference. “There may be some names on there who it turns out ultimately are citizens, we’re not perfect,” McCotter said. “And that’s why we’ve asked California to cooperate with us.”
In response to questions about LA County’s initial analysis, DOJ deputy press secretary Kiersten Pels said in a statement, “California cannot facilitate the violation of federal law.” The statement continued, “We notified California that noncitizens are likely registered to vote, and we asked the state to independently verify the citizenship of any ballots cast by people on a list that we provided. It refused to do so. Federal law doesn’t permit this willful blindness.”
On Monday, the DOJ also announced criminal charges against 28 people on the list provided to the state. But even in those cases, it seems some of those charged may have registered without understanding it was illegal.
Kamlesh Shah, 68, told Sacramento TV station KCRA 3 he thought he was able to vote because he had a Real ID.
“I’m feeling very depressed, very full of anxiety. I’m disabled. I’ve got so much problems in my heart, my condition, so it’s going to give me more stress,” Shah told KCRA 3. “I’m very upset. I’m trying to get an attorney, hopefully I can have the charges dismissed.”
All 28 of the people charged Monday were legal permanent residents, also known as green-card holders. Research has shown that in the rare cases when noncitizens vote, it is often green-card holders who misunderstand the rules as opposed to intentional fraud.
